Amakuru

Hano hari bateri nyinshi hamwe na tekinoroji yo kwishyuza bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kwimura amashanyarazi mumabuye y'agaciro.

Imodoka ikoreshwa na bateri ikwiranye nubucukuzi bwubutaka.Kuberako badasohora imyuka ihumanya, igabanya ubukonje noguhumeka, igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (GHG) hamwe nigiciro cyo kuyitaho, kandi igateza imbere akazi.

Ibikoresho hafi yubutaka hafi ya byose uyumunsi ikoreshwa na mazutu kandi ikora imyotsi yuzuye.Ibi bituma hakenerwa uburyo bunini bwo guhumeka kugirango umutekano ubungabunge abakozi.Byongeye kandi, nkuko abacukuzi b'iki gihe barimo gucukura uburebure bwa kilometero 4 (13,123.4.) Kugirango babone amabuye y'agaciro, sisitemu iba nini cyane.Ibyo bituma bahenze gushiraho no gukora kandi bashonje cyane.

Igihe kimwe, isoko rirahinduka.Guverinoma zishyiraho intego z’ibidukikije kandi abaguzi barashaka cyane kwishyura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bishobora kwerekana ikirenge cya karuboni.Ibyo birema inyungu nyinshi muri decarbonizing mine.

Imashini zipakurura, gutwara, no guta (LHD) ni amahirwe meza yo gukora ibi.Baserukira hafi 80% yingufu zikenerwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe bimura abantu n'ibikoresho binyuze mu birombe.

Guhindura ibinyabiziga bikoresha bateri birashobora kugabanya ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no koroshya sisitemu yo guhumeka.

Ibi bisaba bateri zifite imbaraga nyinshi nigihe kirekire - inshingano irenze ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga ryabanje.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi niterambere mumyaka mike ishize byashizeho ubwoko bushya bwa bateri ya lithium-ion (Li-ion) ifite urwego rukwiye rwo gukora, umutekano, guhendwa no kwizerwa.

Ibiteganijwe mu myaka itanu

Iyo abakoresha baguze imashini za LHD, baba biteze ubuzima bwimyaka 5 cyane kubera ibihe bitoroshye.Imashini zigomba gutwara imizigo iremereye amasaha 24 kumunsi mubihe bitaringaniye hamwe nubushuhe, ivumbi nigitare, ihungabana ryimashini hamwe no kunyeganyega.

Iyo bigeze kububasha, abakoresha bakeneye sisitemu ya bateri ihuye nubuzima bwimashini.Batteri nayo igomba kwihanganira inshuro nyinshi kandi zimbitse no gusohora inzinguzingo.Bakeneye kandi kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse kugirango imodoka iboneke neza.Ibi bivuze amasaha 4 yumurimo icyarimwe, bihuye nigice cyumunsi cyo guhinduranya.

Guhinduranya Bateri hamwe no kwishyurwa byihuse

Guhinduranya Bateri no kwishyuza byihuse byagaragaye nkuburyo bubiri bwo kubigeraho.Guhinduranya Bateri bisaba ibice bibiri bisa - imwe ikoresha imodoka nindi yishyurwa.Nyuma yisaha yamasaha 4, bateri yakoreshejwe isimbuzwa iyindi yashizwemo.

Akarusho nuko ibyo bidakenera amashanyarazi menshi kandi mubisanzwe birashobora gushyigikirwa nibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi biriho.Ariko, guhinduka bisaba guterura no gukora, bikora umurimo winyongera.

Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha bateri imwe ishoboye kwishyurwa byihuse muminota 10 mugihe cyo kuruhuka, kuruhuka no guhinduka.Ibi bivanaho gukenera guhindura bateri, bigatuma ubuzima bworoha.

Nyamara, kwishyurwa byihuse bishingiye kumashanyarazi menshi kandi abakoresha amabuye y'agaciro barashobora gukenera kuzamura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi cyangwa gushiraho ububiko bwingufu, cyane cyane kumato manini agomba kwishyurira icyarimwe.

Chimie ya Li-ion yo guhinduranya bateri

Guhitamo hagati yo guhinduranya no kwishyuza byihuse biramenyesha ubwoko bwa chimie ya bateri yo gukoresha.

Li-ion ni ijambo ryumutwe rikubiyemo amashanyarazi menshi.Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa kugiti cyawe cyangwa kuvangwa kugirango utange ubuzima bukenewe, ubuzima bwa kalendari, ubwinshi bwingufu, kwishyurwa byihuse, numutekano.

Batteri nyinshi za Li-ion zakozwe na grafite nka electrode mbi kandi ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye nka electrode nziza, nka lithium nikel-manganese-cobalt oxyde (NMC), lithium nikel-cobalt aluminium oxyde (NCA) na fosifate ya lithium (LFP) ).

Muri ibyo, NMC na LFP byombi bitanga ingufu nziza hamwe nibikorwa bihagije byo kwishyuza.Ibi bituma kimwe muribi cyiza cyo guhinduranya bateri.

Ubuhanga bushya bwo kwishyuza byihuse

Kuburyo bwihuse, ubundi buryo bushimishije bwagaragaye.Iyi ni lithium titanate oxyde (LTO), ifite electrode nziza ikozwe muri NMC.Mu mwanya wa grafite, electrode mbi yayo ishingiye kuri LTO.

Ibi biha bateri ya LTO imiterere itandukanye.Barashobora kwemera amashanyarazi menshi cyane kuburyo igihe cyo kwishyuza gishobora kuba nkiminota 10.Barashobora kandi gushigikira inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu kwishyuza no gusohora inzinguzingo kurenza ubundi bwoko bwa chimie Li-ion.Ibi bisobanurwa mubuzima burebure.

Byongeye kandi, LTO ifite umutekano mwinshi cyane kuko ishobora kwihanganira ikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi nko gusohora cyane cyangwa imiyoboro migufi, ndetse no kwangiza imashini.

Gucunga Bateri

Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyo gushushanya kuri OEM ni ugukurikirana no kugenzura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.Bakeneye guhuza ibinyabiziga na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) icunga imikorere mugihe irinda umutekano muri sisitemu yose.

BMS nziza nayo izagenzura kwishyuza no gusohora ingirabuzimafatizo kugirango igumane ubushyuhe buhoraho.Ibi byerekana imikorere ihamye kandi ikanagura ubuzima bwa bateri.Bizatanga kandi ibitekerezo kuri reta yishyurwa (SOC) hamwe nubuzima (SOH).Ibi nibimenyetso byingenzi byubuzima bwa bateri, hamwe na SOC yerekana igihe umukoresha ashobora gukoresha ikinyabiziga mugihe cyo guhinduranya, naho SOH ikaba ikimenyetso cyubuzima busigaye.

Gucomeka no gukina

Mugihe cyo kwerekana sisitemu ya batiri kubinyabiziga, birumvikana cyane gukoresha module.Ibi ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gusaba abakora bateri gukora sisitemu ya batiri yakozwe na buri kinyabiziga.

Inyungu nini yuburyo bwa modular nuko OEM ishobora guteza imbere urubuga rwimodoka nyinshi.Bashobora noneho kongeramo moderi ya batiri murukurikirane kugirango bubake imirongo itanga voltage isabwa kuri buri moderi.Ibi bigenga ingufu zisohoka.Bashobora noneho guhuza iyi migozi muburyo bwo kubaka ubushobozi bukenewe bwo kubika ingufu no gutanga igihe gikenewe.

Imizigo iremereye ikinishwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bivuze ko ibinyabiziga bigomba gutanga ingufu nyinshi.Ibyo bisaba sisitemu ya batiri yagenwe kuri 650-850V.Mugihe kuzamura amashanyarazi menshi byatanga ingufu zisumbuyeho, byanatuma habaho ibiciro bya sisitemu yo hejuru, bityo bikaba byizerwa ko sisitemu izaguma munsi ya 1.000V mugihe kizaza.

Kugirango ugere kumasaha 4 yo gukomeza gukora, abashushanya mubisanzwe bashakisha ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu za 200-250 kWh, nubwo bamwe bazakenera 300 kWh cyangwa irenga.

Ubu buryo bwa modular bufasha OEM kugenzura ibiciro byiterambere no kugabanya igihe cyo kwisoko mugabanya ibikenewe kwipimisha.Tuzirikanye ibi, Saft yateje plug-na-gukina igisubizo cya batiri kiboneka muri NMC na LTO amashanyarazi.

Kugereranya bifatika

Kugirango ubone uko modules igereranya, birakwiye ko tureba ibintu bibiri bitandukanye kubinyabiziga bisanzwe bya LHD bishingiye ku guhinduranya bateri no kwishyuza byihuse.Muri ibyo bihe byombi, imodoka ipima toni 45 zidafunguwe na toni 60 zuzuye zuzuye ubushobozi bwa 6-8 m3 (7.8-10.5 yd3).Kugirango ushoboze kugereranya, kugereranya bateri zifite uburemere busa (toni 3,5) nubunini (4 m3 [5.2 yd3]).

Mugihe cyo guhinduranya bateri, bateri irashobora gushingira kuri chimie ya NMC cyangwa LFP kandi igafasha amasaha 6 ya LHD kuva mubunini no mu ibahasha yuburemere.Batteri zombi, zipimwe kuri 650V zifite ubushobozi bwa 400 Ah, byasaba kwishyurwa amasaha 3 mugihe wahinduye imodoka.Buri kimwe cyamara inzinguzingo 2,500 mugihe cyubuzima bwimyaka 3-5.

Kuburyo bwihuse, bateri imwe ya LTO yubunini bumwe yapimwe 800V ifite ubushobozi bwa 250 Ah, igatanga amasaha 3 yo gukora hamwe niminota 15 yumuriro wihuse.Kuberako chimie ishobora kwihanganira izindi nziga nyinshi, yatanga 20.000, hamwe nubuzima buteganijwe bwimyaka 5-7.

Mubyukuri, uwashizeho ibinyabiziga ashobora gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ahuze ibyo umukiriya akunda.Kurugero, kwagura igihe cyigihe cyo kongera ingufu zo kubika ingufu.

Igishushanyo cyoroshye

Ubwanyuma, abakora ibirombe ni bo bahitamo niba bakunda guhinduranya bateri cyangwa kwishyurwa byihuse.Kandi guhitamo kwabo birashobora gutandukana bitewe nimbaraga zamashanyarazi n'umwanya uboneka kuri buri mbuga zabo.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubakora LHD kubaha guhinduka kugirango bahitemo.